Environmental Comfort in Promoting Sleep in Critically Ill Patients: A Scoping Review.

INTRODUCTION: It is important to understand the concept of comfort as a whole to build an assistance intervention plan that meets the person's needs. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and assess the person's sleep by considering the surrounding environment, to provide a comfortable environment that is quiet and provides privacy, especially in contexts of difficult management of environmental factors in the approach to the person in critical condition. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to map the nursing interventions that promote sleep-promoting environmental comfort in critically ill people and identify the instruments to assess sleep in critically ill people. METHODS: This is a scoping review based on the methodological strategy of the Joanna Briggs Institute for Scoping Reviews. The search was conducted on February 17 and 18, 2022, in the databases CINAHL, Cochrane Library Plus, PubMed, JBI Evidence Synthesis, SciELO, DANS Easy Archive, RCAAP, and DART-Europe using the Boolean phrase search strategy: "Hospital Emergency Service" OR "Critical Care" AND "Sleep" NOT "Children" AND Nurs*. We included all studies, conducted in any contextual setting, in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, on adult patients with acute and/or critical illness in intensive care and/or emergency units, which addressed nursing interventions that contribute to environmental comfort and promote sleep. Studies on pregnant or puerperal women, persons with psychiatric disorders, and those at the end of life or in palliative care were excluded. RESULTS: Twenty-one articles were included in this scoping review. Three categories of nursing interventions emerged: person centered (14 interventions), environment centered (37 interventions), and nurse role centered (45 interventions). Three categories of instruments for sleep assessment emerged, in particular: quality of sleep (12 instruments), environmental effects on a night's sleep (2 instruments), and influence on sleep practices in the intensive care unit (1 instrument). DISCUSSION: The use of instruments to monitor comfort and sleep allows for an accurate assessment of the impact of nurses' intervention focusing on sleep-promoting interventions aimed at comfort, for an improvement of sleep in critically ill patients. CONCLUSION: The interpretation of the content makes it clear that how critically ill patients in different contexts experience the environmental context positively or negatively conditions their comfort. In this sense, it is essential to reflect on these measures as a team so that everyone can apply them.

Nursing Interventions to Promote Self-Care in a Candidate for a Bowel Elimination Ostomy: Scoping Review / Intervenciones de enfermería para promover el autocuidado en un candidato a ostomía de eliminación intestinal / Intervenções de enfermagem para promover o autocuidado num candidato à estomia intestinal de eliminação

Objectives: To identify nursing interventions, their characteristics, and outcomes for promoting self-care in candidates for a bowel elimination ostomy. Materials and methods: A scoping review was carried out based on the Joanna Briggs Institute's recommendations. For this, studies published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish on the Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus databases and without a time limit were selected on November 9, 2020. Results: Of 2248 articles identified, 41 were included in this review. We identified 20 nursing interventions associated with the self-care of patients with an ostomy; most of them have gaps in their content, method, and frequency or dosing. More than 30 indicators were identified to assess the impact of nursing interventions; however, most of them were indirect assessments. Conclusion: There is scarce evidence regarding the different aspects that must be involved in nursing interventions for patients with a stoma. Moreover, there is no standardization in methods, frequency, or dosing of intervention. It is urgent to define the content, method, and frequency of nursing interventions necessary to promote self-care in patients with a bowel elimination ostomy and to use assessment tools that directly measure stoma self-care competence.

Objetivos: identificar las intervenciones de enfermería, sus características y resultados para promover el autocuidado en candidatos a estoma de eliminación intestinal. Materiales y métodos: se llevó a cabo una revisión de alcance con base en las recomendaciones del Instituto Joanna Briggs. Para este fin, se seleccionaron estudios publicados en portugués, inglés y español en las bases de datos Web of Science, CINAHL y Scopus al 9 de noviembre de 2020. Resultados: de un total de 2248 artículos identificados, se incluyeron 41 en esta revisión. Se identificaron 20 intervenciones de enfermería asociadas al autocuidado de pacientes con ostomía; la mayoría tiene lagunas en su contenido, método y frecuencia o dosis. Se identificaron más de treinta indicadores para evaluar el impacto de las intervenciones de enfermería; sin embargo, la mayoría de ellas fueron evaluaciones indirectas. Conclusión: es escasa la evidencia sobre los diferentes aspectos que deben considerarse en las intervenciones de enfermería para pacientes con estoma. Además, no existe una estandarización en los métodos, la frecuencia o la dosis de intervención. Es urgente definir el contenido, el método y la frecuencia de las intervenciones de enfermería necesarias para promover el autocuidado en pacientes con estoma de eliminación intestinal y utilizar herramientas de evaluación que midan directamente ese autocuidado.

Objetivos: identificar as intervenções de enfermagem, suas características e resultados para promover o autocuidado em candidatos à estomia intestinal de eliminação. Materiais e métodos: foi realizada uma revisão de escopo com base nas recomendações do Instituto Joanna Briggs. Para isso, foram selecionados estudos publicados em português, inglês e espanhol nas bases de dados Web of Science, CINAHL e Scopus de 9 de novembro de 2020. Resultados: de 2 248 artigos identificados, foram incluídos 41 nesta revisão. Foram identificadas 20 intervenções de enfermagem associadas ao autocuidado de pacientes com estomia; a maioria tem lacunas em seu conteúdo, método e frequência ou dose. Foram identificados mais de 30 indicadores para avaliar o impacto das intervenções de enfermagem; contudo, a maioria delas foi avaliação indireta. Conclusões: é escassa a evidência sobre os diferentes aspectos que devem ser considerados nas intervenções de enfermagem para pacientes com estomia. Além disso, não há um padrão nos métodos, na frequência ou na dose de intervenção. É urgente definir o conteúdo, o método e a frequência das intervenções de enfermagem necessárias para promover o autocuidado em pacientes com estomia intestinal de eliminação e utilizar ferramentas de avaliação que meçam diretamente esse autocuidado.